今, 念, 禁 Sound Groups
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK   JPP   JCP   KPH KCP
1 Sound Group 念 njam ネン     넨ㄴ        
2 Sound Group 念 njap ネン ジョウ   넨ㄴ 죺우    
3 Sound Group 念 ɲjәm ジン ニン   진ㄴ 닌ㄴ        
4 Sound Group 今 kjәm コン キン   콘ㄴ 킨ㄴ        
5 Sound Group 今 ɡjәm キン     킨ㄴ            
6 Sound Group 今 ŋjәm ギン キン   긴ㄴ 킨ㄴ        
7 Sound Group 今 ɣɑm ガン     간ㄴ            
8 Sound Group 今 tʰɑm ドン トン   돈ㄴ 톤ㄴ        
9 襟; Sound Group 今, Sound Group 襟 kjәm キン     킨ㄴ            
10 Sound Group 襟 kjәm キン コン ゴン 킨ㄴ 콘ㄴ 곤ㄴ    

 

今, 念, 禁 Sound Groups
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1 Sound Group 念 njam    
2 Sound Group 念 njap  
3 Sound Group 念 ɲjәm    
4 Sound Group 今 kjәm    
5 Sound Group 今 ɡjәm      
6 Sound Group 今 ŋjәm    
7 Sound Group 今 ɣɑm      
8 Sound Group 今 tʰɑm    
9 襟; Sound Group 今, Sound Group 襟 kjәm      
10 Sound Group 襟 kjәm  

 

今, 念, 禁 Sound Groups
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK   JPP JCP MC
1 Sound Group 念 ネン     넨ㄴ         njam
2 Sound Group 念 ネン ジョウ   넨ㄴ 죺우     njap
3 Sound Group 念 ジン ニン   진ㄴ 닌ㄴ     ɲjәm
4 Sound Group 今 コン キン   콘ㄴ 킨ㄴ     kjәm
5 Sound Group 今 キン     킨ㄴ         ɡjәm
6 Sound Group 今 ギン キン   긴ㄴ 킨ㄴ     ŋjәm
7 Sound Group 今 ガン     간ㄴ         ɣɑm
8 Sound Group 今 ドン トン   돈ㄴ 톤ㄴ     tʰɑm
9 襟; Sound Group 今, Sound Group 襟 キン     킨ㄴ         kjәm
10 Sound Group 襟 キン コン ゴン 킨ㄴ 콘ㄴ 곤ㄴ kjәm

 

今, 念, 禁 Sound Groups
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1 Sound Group 念 njam
2 Sound Group 念 njap
3 Sound Group 念     ɲjәm
4 Sound Group 今     kjәm
5 Sound Group 今     ɡjәm
6 Sound Group 今     ŋjәm
7 Sound Group 今     ɣɑm
8 Sound Group 今     tʰɑm
9 襟; Sound Group 今, Sound Group 襟     kjәm
10 Sound Group 襟     kjәm

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

坐 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   ʣuɑ      
2   ʣuɑ      
3   ʦuɑ

 

坐 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   ʣuɑ  
2   ʣuɑ  
3   ʦuɑ

 

坐 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1         ʣuɑ
2         ʣuɑ
3   ʦuɑ

 

坐 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   ʣuɑ
2   ʣuɑ
3   ʦuɑ

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

荅 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   tʰɑp トウ 톺우
2   tʰɑp トウ 톺우

 

荅 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   tʰɑp
2   tʰɑp

 

荅 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   トウ 톺우 tʰɑp
2   トウ 톺우 tʰɑp

 

荅 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   tʰɑp
2   tʰɑp

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

必, 宓 Sound Groups
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1 Group 必 pjәt ヒツ   힡우        
2 Group 必 pji ヒツ 힡우
3 Group 必 pji          
4 Group 宓 mjәt ミツ   밑우        
5 Group 宓 mjәt ミツ ビツ 밑우 빝우    
6 Group 宓 ??? ミツ   밑우        

 

必, 宓 Sound Groups
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1 Group 必 pjәt    
2 Group 必 pji
3 Group 必 pji    
4 Group 宓 mjәt    
5 Group 宓 mjәt  
6 Group 宓 ???    

 

必, 宓 Sound Groups
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1 Group 必 ヒツ   힡우     pjәt
2 Group 必 ヒツ 힡우 pji
3 Group 必       pji
4 Group 宓 ミツ   밑우     mjәt
5 Group 宓 ミツ ビツ 밑우 빝우 mjәt
6 Group 宓 ミツ   밑우     ???

 

必, 宓 Sound Groups
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1 Group 必     pjәt
2 Group 必 pji
3 Group 必     pji
4 Group 宓     mjәt
5 Group 宓     mjәt
6 Group 宓     ???

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

祭 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   ʦjai tʂai サイ 사이 사이
2   ʦjai   サイ 사이 사이

 

祭 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   ʦjai tʂai 사이
2   ʦjai   사이

 

祭 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   サイ 사이 사이 ʦjai tʂai
2   サイ 사이 사이 ʦjai  

 

祭 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   ʦjai tʂai
2   ʦjai  

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

到 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   tɑu トウ 토우 토우
2   tɑu トウ 토우 토우

 

到 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   tɑu 토우
2   tɑu 토우

 

到 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   トウ 토우 토우 tɑu
2   トウ 토우 토우 tɑu

 

到 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   tɑu
2   tɑu

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

卒 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   ʦʰuәt ʦuәt ʦyәt ソツ   솥우            
2   ʂyәt ʂyi   リツ ソツ 맅우 솥우

 

卒 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   ʦʰuәt ʦuәt ʦyәt      
2   ʂyәt ʂyi  

 

卒 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   ソツ   솥우     ʦʰuәt ʦuәt ʦyәt
2   リツ ソツ 맅우 솥우 ʂyәt ʂyi  

 

卒 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1           ʦʰuәt ʦuәt ʦyәt
2   ʂyәt ʂyi  

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

止 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   ʨji      
2 ʨʰji      
3   ʈʰji
4   ???      
5 Subgroup 此 ʦji      
6 Subgroup 此 ʦʰji      
7 Subgroup 此 ʦʰji      
8 Subgroup 此 dʐai サイ 사이 사이
9 寨; Subgroup 此 dʐai サイ   사이   사이  
10 Subgroup 此 sja シャ
11 syai セイ サイ 세이 사이 세이 사이
12   kʰji      
13 ʂjәp ジュウ シュウ 즆우 슢우
14 Kokuji 낙이 낙우        

 

止 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   ʨji  
2 ʨʰji  
3   ʈʰji
4   ???  
5 Subgroup 此 ʦji  
6 Subgroup 此 ʦʰji  
7 Subgroup 此 ʦʰji  
8 Subgroup 此 dʐai 사이
9 寨; Subgroup 此 dʐai 사이  
10 Subgroup 此 sja
11 syai 세이 사이
12   kʰji  
13 ʂjәp
14 Kokuji

 

止 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1         ʨji
2       ʨʰji
3   ʈʰji
4         ???
5 Subgroup 此       ʦji
6 Subgroup 此       ʦʰji
7 Subgroup 此       ʦʰji
8 Subgroup 此 サイ 사이 사이 dʐai
9 寨; Subgroup 此 サイ   사이   사이   dʐai
10 Subgroup 此 シャ sja
11 セイ サイ 세이 사이 세이 사이 syai
12         kʰji
13 ジュウ シュウ 즆우 슢우 ʂjәp
14 Kokuji 낙이 낙우

 

止 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   ʨji
2 ʨʰji
3   ʈʰji
4   ???
5 Subgroup 此 ʦji
6 Subgroup 此 ʦʰji
7 Subgroup 此 ʦʰji
8 Subgroup 此 dʐai
9 寨; Subgroup 此 dʐai
10 Subgroup 此 sja
11 syai
12   kʰji
13 ʂjәp
14 Kokuji

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

雇 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   kuo
2   kuo

 

雇 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   kuo
2   kuo

 

雇 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   kuo
2   kuo

 

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

感 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   kɑm カン 칸ㄴ
2   ɣɑm カン 칸ㄴ

 

感 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   kɑm
2   ɣɑm

 

感 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   カン 칸ㄴ kɑm
2   カン 칸ㄴ ɣɑm

 

感 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   kɑm
2   ɣɑm

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)