利 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   lji            
2   lji            
3   lji            
4   ljai ライ レイ 라이 레이 라이 레이

 

利 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   lji    
2   lji    
3   lji    
4   ljai 라이 레이

 

利 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1               lji
2               lji
3               lji
4   ライ レイ 라이 레이 라이 레이 ljai

 

利 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   lji
2   lji
3   lji
4   ljai

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

名, 明 Sound Groups
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1 名 sound group mjaɲ メイ ミョウ 멩이 묭우
2 名 sound group mjaɲ メイ ミョウ 멩이 묭우
3 明 sound group mjaɲ メイ ミョウ 멩이 묭우
4 明 sound group mjaɲ メイ モウ 멩이 몽우
*** These two groups have a unique visual similarity – a square shape and a moon shape

 

名, 明 Sound Groups
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   mjaɲ
2   mjaɲ
3   mjaɲ
4   mjaɲ
*** These two groups have a unique visual similarity – a square shape and a moon shape

 

名, 明 Sound Groups
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   メイ ミョウ 멩이 묭우 mjaɲ
2   メイ ミョウ 멩이 묭우 mjaɲ
3   メイ ミョウ 멩이 묭우 mjaɲ
4   メイ モウ 멩이 몽우 mjaɲ
*** These two groups have a unique visual similarity – a square shape and a moon shape

 

名, 明 Sound Groups
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   mjaɲ
2   mjaɲ
3   mjaɲ
4   mjaɲ
*** These two groups have a unique visual similarity – a square shape and a moon shape

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

卑 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   pji      
2   pji      
3   pji      
4   bji      
5   bai ハイ   하이   하이  
6   ??? ハイ 하이 하이

 

卑 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   pji  
2   pji  
3   pji  
4   bji  
5   bai 하이  
6   ??? 하이

 

卑 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1         pji
2         pji
3         pji
4         bji
5   ハイ   하이   하이   bai
6   ハイ 하이 하이 ???

 

卑 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   pji
2   pji
3   pji
4   bji
5   bai
6   ???

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

比 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   pji      
2   pʰjai ヘイ 헤이 헤이
3   pji      
4   pʰji
5   bji
6   bji
7 pjai ヘイ   헤이   헤이  

 

比 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   pji  
2   pʰjai 헤이
3   pji  
4   pʰji
5   bji
6   bji
7 pjai 헤이  

 

比 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1         pji
2   ヘイ 헤이 헤이 pʰjai
3         pji
4   pʰji
5   bji
6   bji
7 ヘイ   헤이   헤이   pjai

 

比 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   pji
2   pʰjai
3   pji
4   pʰji
5   bji
6   bji
7 pjai

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

普 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   pʰuo
2   puo

 

普 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   pʰuo
2   puo

 

普 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   pʰuo
2   puo

 

普 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   pʰuo
2   puo

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

我 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   ŋɑ      
2   ŋɑ      
3   ŋɑ      
4   ŋɑ

 

我 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   ŋɑ  
2   ŋɑ  
3   ŋɑ  
4   ŋɑ

 

我 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1         ŋɑ
2         ŋɑ
3         ŋɑ
4   ŋɑ

 

我 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   ŋɑ
2   ŋɑ
3   ŋɑ
4   ŋɑ

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

道 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   dɑu ドウ トウ 도우 토우 도우 토우
2   dɑu ドウ   도우   도우  

 

道 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   dɑu 도우 토우
2   dɑu 도우  

 

道 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   ドウ トウ 도우 토우 도우 토우 dɑu
2   ドウ   도우   도우   dɑu

 

道 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   dɑu
2   dɑu

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

徵 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1 徵, * ʈjәŋ チョウ 툥우 딍/딩*
2 * ɖjәŋ チョウ   툥우     딍/딩*
*It is impossible to represent the single letter “Y” in either Hangul or Pahanngana (at least, until a new font is created), so I’m representing “yi” as “이*” or “consonant+의”

 

徵 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1 徵, * ʈjәŋ 딍/딩*
2 * ɖjәŋ 딍/딩*  
*It is impossible to represent the single letter “Y” in either Hangul or Pahanngana (at least, until a new font is created), so I’m representing “yi” as “이*” or “consonant+의”

 

徵 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1 徵, * チョウ 툥우 ʈjәŋ
2 * チョウ   툥우     ɖjәŋ
*It is impossible to represent the single letter “Y” in either Hangul or Pahanngana (at least, until a new font is created), so I’m representing “yi” as “이*” or “consonant+의”

 

徵 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1 徵, * 딍/딩* ʈjәŋ
2 * 딍/딩* ɖjәŋ
*It is impossible to represent the single letter “Y” in either Hangul or Pahanngana (at least, until a new font is created), so I’m representing “yi” as “이*” or “consonant+의”

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

面 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   mjan メン ベン 멘ㄴ 벤ㄴ
2 mjan メン ベン 멘ㄴ 벤ㄴ

 

面 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   mjan
2 mjan

 

面 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   メン ベン 멘ㄴ 벤ㄴ mjan
2 メン ベン 멘ㄴ 벤ㄴ mjan

 

面 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   mjan
2 mjan

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

 

畜 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   ʈhjuk xjuk チク キク キュウ 팈우 킼우 큐우 큐우
2   ʈhjuk xjuk チク キク   팈우 킼우      

 

畜 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   ʈhjuk xjuk 큐우
2   ʈhjuk xjuk    

 

畜 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   チク キク キュウ 팈우 킼우 큐우 큐우 ʈhjuk xjuk
2   チク キク   팈우 킼우       ʈhjuk xjuk

 

畜 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   ʈhjuk xjuk
2   ʈhjuk xjuk

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)