囱/囪 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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囱/囪 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1 總 総 ʦuŋ ソウ 송우 송 총 총
2 窗 窓 tʂhaŋ ソウ 송우 송 창 창
3 聰 聡 ʦhuŋ ソウ 송우 송 총 총

 

囱/囪 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1 總 総 ʦuŋ 총 송
2 窗 窓 tʂhaŋ 창 송
3 聰 聡 ʦhuŋ 총 송

 

囱/囪 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1 總 総 ソウ 송우 송 ʦuŋ
2 窗 窓 ソウ 송우 송 tʂhaŋ
3 聰 聡 ソウ 송우 송 ʦhuŋ

 

囱/囪 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1 總 総 총 총 ʦuŋ
2 窗 窓 창 창 tʂhaŋ
3 聰 聡 총 총 ʦhuŋ

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

劦 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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劦 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   協 ɣjap キョウ     쿞우     쿞     협 협
2   脅 xjap キョウ コウ キュウ 쿞우 콮우 큪우 쿞 콮 큪 협 협

 

劦 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   協 ɣjap 협 쿞    
2   脅 xjap 협 쿞 콮 큪

 

劦 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   協 キョウ     쿞우     쿞     ɣjap
2   脅 キョウ コウ キュウ 쿞우 콮우 큪우 쿞 콮 큪 xjap

 

劦 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   協 협 협 ɣjap
2   脅 협 협 xjap

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

元, 睘, 丸 Sound Groups – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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元, 睘, 丸 Sound Groups
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   元 ŋyan ゲン ガン   겐ㄴ 간ㄴ   겐 간   원 원
2   頑 ŋuan ガン ゲン   간ㄴ 겐ㄴ   간 겐   완 완
3   翫 ??? ガン     간ㄴ     간     완 완
4   玩 ŋuɑn ガン     간ㄴ     간     완 완
5 Subgroup 完 完 ɣuɑn カン     칸ㄴ     칸     완 완
6 Subgroup 完 莞 ɣuan カン     칸ㄴ     칸     완 완
7 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 還 ɣuan カン セン ゲン 칸ㄴ 센ㄴ 겐ㄴ 칸 센 겐 환 환
8 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 環 ɣuan カン     칸ㄴ     칸     환 환
9 *丸元 丸 ɣuɑn ガン     간ㄴ     간     환 환
*睘元 = 睘 and 元 have rough visual similarities: horizontal things stacked on top and legs underneath
*丸元 = 丸 and 元 have rough visual similarities: the top horizontal line and two legs underneath

 

元, 睘, 丸 Sound Groups
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   元 ŋyan 원 겐 간  
2   頑 ŋuan 완 간 겐  
3   翫 ??? 완 간    
4   玩 ŋuɑn 완 간    
5 Subgroup 完 完 ɣuɑn 완 칸    
6 Subgroup 完 莞 ɣuan 완 칸    
7 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 還 ɣuan 환 칸 센 겐
8 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 環 ɣuan 환 칸    
9 *丸元 丸 ɣuɑn 환 간    
*丸元 = 丸 and 元 have rough visual similarities: the top horizontal line and two legs underneath
*睘元 = 睘 and 元 have rough visual similarities: horizontal things stacked on top and legs underneath

 

元, 睘, 丸 Sound Groups
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   元 ゲン ガン   겐ㄴ 간ㄴ   겐 간   ŋyan
2   頑 ガン ゲン   간ㄴ 겐ㄴ   간 겐   ŋuan
3   翫 ガン     간ㄴ     간     ???
4   玩 ガン     간ㄴ     간     ŋuɑn
5 Subgroup 完 完 カン     칸ㄴ     칸     ɣuɑn
6 Subgroup 完 莞 カン     칸ㄴ     칸     ɣuan
7 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 還 カン セン ゲン 칸ㄴ 센ㄴ 겐ㄴ 칸 센 겐 ɣuan
8 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 環 カン     칸ㄴ     칸     ɣuan
9 *丸元 丸 ガン     간ㄴ     간     ɣuɑn
*丸元 = 丸 and 元 have rough visual similarities: the top horizontal line and two legs underneath
*睘元 = 睘 and 元 have rough visual similarities: horizontal things stacked on top and legs underneath

 

元, 睘, 丸 Sound Groups
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   元 원 원 ŋyan
2   頑 완 완 ŋuan
3   翫 완 완 ???
4   玩 완 완 ŋuɑn
5 Subgroup 完 完 완 완 ɣuɑn
6 Subgroup 完 莞 완 완 ɣuan
7 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 還 환 환 ɣuan
8 Subgroup 睘, *睘元 環 환 환 ɣuan
9 *丸元 丸 환 환 ɣuɑn
*丸元 = 丸 and 元 have rough visual similarities: the top horizontal line and two legs underneath
*睘元 = 睘 and 元 have rough visual similarities: horizontal things stacked on top and legs underneath

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

彔/录 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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彔/录 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1 錄 録 lyuk ロク リョ 롴우 료 롴 료 록 녹 록 녹
2 綠 緑 lyuk リョク ロク 룤우 롴우 룤 롴 록 녹 록 녹
3   禄 ??? ロク   롴우   롴   록 녹 록 녹

 

彔/录 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1 錄 録 lyuk 록 녹 롴 료
2 綠 緑 lyuk 록 녹 룤 롴
3   禄 ??? 록 녹 롴  

 

彔/录 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1 錄 録 ロク リョ 롴우 료 롴 료 lyuk
2 綠 緑 リョク ロク 룤우 롴우 룤 롴 lyuk
3   禄 ロク   롴우   롴   ???

 

彔/录 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1 錄 録 lyuk 록 녹
2 綠 緑 lyuk 록 녹
3   禄 ??? 록 녹

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

幾 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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幾 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   幾 kji キ 키 키 기 기
2   畿 ɡji キ 키 키 기 기
3   機 kji キ 키 키 기 기

 

幾 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   幾 kji 기 키
2   畿 ɡji 기 키
3   機 kji 기 키

 

幾 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   幾 kji キ 키 키
2   畿 ɡji キ 키 키
3   機 kji キ 키 키

 

幾 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   幾 kji 기 기
2   畿 ɡji 기 기
3   機 kji 기 기

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

堇 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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堇 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   勤 ɡjәn キン ゴン 킨ㄴ 곤ㄴ 킨 곤 근 근
2   僅 ɡjәn キン   킨ㄴ   킨   근 근
3   謹 kjәn キン ゴン 킨ㄴ 곤ㄴ 킨 곤 근 근
4   菫 ??? キン   킨ㄴ   킨   근 근

 

堇 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   勤 ɡjәn 근 킨 곤
2   僅 ɡjәn 근 킨  
3   謹 kjәn 근 킨 곤
4   菫 ??? 근 킨  

 

堇 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   勤 キン ゴン 킨ㄴ 곤ㄴ 킨 곤 ɡjәn
2   僅 キン   킨ㄴ   킨   ɡjәn
3   謹 キン ゴン 킨ㄴ 곤ㄴ 킨 곤 kjәn
4   菫 キン   킨ㄴ   킨   ???

 

堇 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   勤 근 근 ɡjәn
2   僅 근 근 ɡjәn
3   謹 근 근 kjәn
4   菫 근 근 ???

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

凡 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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凡 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   凡 vyam ボン ハン   본ㄴ 한ㄴ   본 한   범 범
2   帆 vyam ハン     한ㄴ     한     범 범
3   汎 fʰyam ハン フウ ホウ 한ㄴ 훙우 홍우 한 훙 홍 범 범

 

凡 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   凡 vyam 범 본 한  
2   帆 vyam 범 한    
3   汎 fʰyam 범 한 훙 홍

 

凡 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   凡 ボン ハン   본ㄴ 한ㄴ   본 한   vyam
2   帆 ハン     한ㄴ     한     vyam
3   汎 ハン フウ ホウ 한ㄴ 훙우 홍우 한 훙 홍 fʰyam

 

凡 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   凡 범 범 vyam
2   帆 범 범 vyam
3   汎 범 범 fʰyam

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

建 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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建 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   建 kjan ケン コン 켄ㄴ 콘ㄴ 켄 콘 건 건
2   鍵 ɡjan ケン   켄ㄴ   켄   건 건
3   健 ɡjan ケン   켄ㄴ   켄   건 건

 

建 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   建 kjan 건 켄 콘
2   鍵 ɡjan 건 켄  
3   健 ɡjan 건 켄  

 

建 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   建 ケン コン 켄ㄴ 콘ㄴ 켄 콘 kjan
2   鍵 ケン   켄ㄴ   켄   ɡjan
3   健 ケン   켄ㄴ   켄   ɡjan

 

建 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   建 건 건 kjan
2   鍵 건 건 ɡjan
3   健 건 건 ɡjan

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

屈 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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屈 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   屈 kʰyәt クツ   쿹우   쿹   굴 굴
2   掘 ??? クツ   쿹우   쿹   굴 굴
3   窟 kʰuәt クツ コツ 쿹우 콭우 쿹 콭 굴 굴

 

屈 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   屈 kʰyәt 굴 쿹  
2   掘 ??? 굴 쿹  
3   窟 kʰuәt 굴 쿹 콭

 

屈 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   屈 クツ   쿹우   쿹   kʰyәt
2   掘 クツ   쿹우   쿹   ???
3   窟 クツ コツ 쿹우 콭우 쿹 콭 kʰuәt

 

屈 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   屈 kʰyәt 굴 굴
2   掘 ??? 굴 굴
3   窟 kʰuәt 굴 굴

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)

 

侯 Sound Group – Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

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侯 Sound Group
Full Comparison of Middle Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
# *** 漢字 MC JPK JPP JCP KPH KCP
1   侯 ɣu コウ 코우 코우 후 후
2   喉 ɣu コウ 코우 코우 후 후
3   候 ɣu コウ 코우 코우 후 후

 

侯 Sound Group
Summary of Reconstructions in Middle Chinese, Korean, and Japanese
# *** 漢字 MC KCP JCP
1   侯 ɣu 후 코우
2   喉 ɣu 후 코우
3   候 ɣu 후 코우

 

侯 Sound Group
Writing Japanese Kanji in Pahanngana
# *** Kanji JPK JPP JCP MC
1   侯 コウ 코우 코우 ɣu
2   喉 コウ 코우 코우 ɣu
3   候 コウ 코우 코우 ɣu

 

侯 Sound Group
Writing Korean in Pahanngana
# *** Hanja KPH KCP MC
1   侯 후 후 ɣu
2   喉 후 후 ɣu
3   候 후 후 ɣu

 

How to Read the Data
# Number of Kanji
*** Alternative Forms, Notes
漢字 Kanji / Hanja
MC Middle Chinese (Reconstruction)
JPK Japanese Pronunciation (in Katakana)
JPP Japanese Pronunciation (in Pahanngana)
JCP Japanese Kanji – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)
KPH Korean Pronunciation (in Hangul)
KCP Korean Hanja – Core/Root Form (in Pahanngana)